icarus 5

September 2006

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Avshalom Charly Cohen
          Haifa, Israel

A New perspective on Energy and the Universe.

Updated May 06, 2008

Could the universe begin with complete zero no mass/energy?

The first and central point I want to talk about in my theory is the difference I make between mass and energy and space/area. And the idea that not only the mass and energy can change the its state but space/area can change its state.

The second thing I want to point out is that a great part of the energy that the universe uses, the source come not only from (E=mc2) converting mass to energy (or other ways) that we know. It could also be conversion of space/area to energy ( space/area is also a kind of fuel).

Actually, all types of energy that we know, can not hold the universe in the structure that exists today. If we do not consider the coversion of space/area the universe would be a frozen into one size pushed together and crowded, and the space itself may possibly break apart ( the universe could possibly even fluctuate) and for sure it would not grow.

Another point , I want to offer anoher explanation as to why the experiment to accelerate the particles had an additon of energy in the acceleration. They state the additon was because of the use of the accelerator and I say that because of the extreme state that they produced additional transformation of space/area to energy in minute amounts.

There are those that think there is no end to the universe and there are those that think there was no beginning point. I  am speaking about both sides of the border, inside and beyond. ( and even at universe in minus time )

I will define a new concept that I will use, area, to demonstrate, I will give you an example of what I mean by "area".  Area=  a space where a super nova occurs. Most of the enegry and mass is expelled from the area during the explosion (Super Nova). What is left is "area" that is converted in a process to energy. The area itself is energy.

My general idea is the location for creation mass/energy, is the edge of the universe,on the jacket of the universe,more I claim that if Hubble (the astronomer)didn't take the view that the universe began without mass/energy ,the reason it is because he didn't take option that mass/energy could be created. If he was taking that option he would have arrived at a first point without any energy or mass. I am reffering to the point before the "Big Bang" ( if there was a Big Bang)

There are only two realistic possibilities, either the universe has all ways existed with material and energy without a center or edge or there is an absolute beginning (material,energy, time and volume). We must in fact get to the beginning point before we can put forth any other possibilities. The theory's presented until now go around this question but do not answer the question.

I have not used formulas or theories that are complicated. Everyone can understand Icarus5 in simple logic so do not be afraid to read on

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Means of Achieving Existing Energies

( These are my definitions and not officially accepted. The are for the explanation of my theory)
  1) Substance Burning : Both chemical and physical
  2) Atomic Energy : conversion of mass to energy (E=mc2)
NEW 3) Expanse Energy : The by-product is Electro - Magnetism. This kind of energy is used by stars like our Sun that have an active core(also conversion of area to energy and not only fusion and burning of matter). The new point here is that the area is also used as fuel.
NEW

4) Creation Energy : The creation of  new mass and  new energy. By-produces are  new mass and  new energy ( there is a process function of recursion not decreasing but increasing when you look from the beginning to the end as a result of changing from one state of area to another state of area and not dependant on the material inside the area), I am making a distinction between changing of the state of the material and the changing of state of the area itself,

 

In the theory I wll be talking about the states in the extreme areas, so there will be exceptional results that can be negative mass, temperatures under absolute zero, time in areas not formatted.

Therefore I see a connection between the accelarating of the universe and the chnages between area states. The is also a direct connection between the extreme temperature and the change of the state of the area.

 

The Big Bang Theory claims that all the mass/energy had been centralized at one single point in the beginning. Another theory states that only at the first stage, when the universe was very young, energy/mass was created. Icarus 5 states the process of creation of energy/mass has never stopped since it began and will not stop.

My theory puts forth a new model based on the "open universe" model. I call this the "open universe model with additional growth", or continual expansion..

Area can change it's state just as matter can change it's state

Area = volume without matter ( when I mention area this is what I mean)

The area can change it's state just as matter can change it's state but they do not have to be the same state.

The area could appear in various states. Just as you can split the atom, the area can be split.

The splitting of the area produces kinetic energy that allows the universe to hold it's structure otherwise the area would implode. ( because the universe uses the kinetic energy this explains why we do not see the increase of mass and energy we really should see.)

When I say full vacuum I mean 0% and not 3% and in this situation there are no particles so the temperture can drop below  absolute zero

The zero point of the Kelvin scale is equivalent to -273.16 °C   This zero point is considered the lowest possible temperature of anything in the universe. Therefore, the Kelvin scale is also known as the "absolute temperature scale". At the freezing point of water, the temperature of the Kelvin scale reads 273 K. At the boiling point of water, it reads 373 K.

1. Outside the universe, the state of the area changes as the temperature drops below -273.19 degrees Celsius (Below Zero Kelvin).     Gaseous State area

2. The envelope temperature is -273.19 degrees Celsius ( Zero Kelvin)                              Between Gas and Liquid area

3. Inside the envelope (in the universe) the temperature is -273.19 degrees Celsius (More than Zero Kelvin) or above.          Liquid area

4. There is another point in the universe where there is a change from liquid state to solid state (the area itself moves from one state to another)

* I look at the area as the basic element just like an element with an atomic number of zero (before Hydrogen with the number 1)

The model of the "open universe" is like a closed room with air conditioning that removes the heat from the room to the outside. The model of the "open universe with additional growth" is the same but as the heat rises outside the room the area that is activated for the heat dispersion is greater.

In the jacket area as the amount of  the "neutron" grows the chance of interaction between the particles grows. This would either cause a nuclear reaction or a breaking apart of the element (one photon released plus energy) - Just like this, the area does not divide, but the area converts from area to energy ( to the location of the "electron"-inside area- will throw mass ( photon) and energy ( gamma rays) in a large amount.

If I speak of the exchange of area to energy as the same as mass to energy, the is no violation of the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. We are talking about a change from one state to another.

 

There are several different ways to look at the universe. We are talking about a universe with measurable area that can grow and with a beginning point

 

 

Radius of the universe over time

 Radius Now

Beginning Point

 

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